ASCII
Codificação de caracteres
Uma codificação de caracteres é um padrão de relacionamento entre um conjunto de caracteres (representações de grafemas ou unidades similares a grafemas como aquelas que compõem as letras ou sílabas que se comunicam através de uma linguagem natural) e um conjunto de outra coisa, como por exemplo números ou pulsos elétricos com o objetivo de facilitar o armazenamento de texto em computadores e sua transmissão em redes de telecomunicação.
Exemplos comuns são o código Morse que codifica as letras do alfabeto latino e números em sequências de pulsos elétricos de longa e curta duração, e o código ASCII, que será idêntico ao código Morse além de outros símbolos através de números inteiros e da representação binária, os grafemas são codificados como sete dígitos desses mesmo números.
Convencionalmente, conjunto de caracteres e codificação de caracteres eram considerados sinônimos, já que o mesmo nome poderia especificar tanto quais caracteres estão disponíveis e como eles foram codificados em um fluxo de unidades de código (normalmente com um único caractere por unidade de código). No entanto, o Unicode afastou essa ideia, separando a ideia de numerar uma série de caracteres da ideia de codificar esses caracteres em um fluxo de unidades de código. Para manter as nomenclaturas históricas e os sistemas baseados nelas, usa-se o termo charset que se refere às codificações de caracteres.
Exemplo com os nossos nomes ASCII
##### ##
###### /## #
/# / / ## # ###
/ / / ## ## #
/ / / ##
## ## / /## /### ######## ### /### ### ######
## ## / / ### / ### / ######## ###/ #### / ### /#######
## ##/ / ### / ###/ ## ## ###/ ## / ##
## ## ### ## ### ## ## ## ## ## /
## ## ### ######## ## ## ## ## ## /
# ## ## ####### ## ## ## ## ## ###
/ ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ###
/##/ ### #### / ## /# ## ## ## ###
/ ######## ######/ ####/ ## ## ### ### / ##
/ #### ##### ### ## ## ### ##/ ##
# /
## /
/
/
Beatriz
____
/\ _`\ __
\ \ \/\ \ /\_\ ___ __ ___
\ \ \ \ \\/\ \ / __`\ /'_ `\ / __`\
\ \ \_\ \\ \ \ /\ \L\ \/\ \L\ \ /\ \L\ \
\ \____/ \ \_\\ \____/\ \____ \\ \____/
\/___/ \/_/ \/___/ \/___L\ \\/___/
/\____/
\_/__/
Diogo
Imagens em ASCII
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Diogo
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Beatriz
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